[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.8.0″ background_enable_color=”off” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” background_color_gradient_end=”#ffffff” background_color_gradient_direction=”95deg” background_color_gradient_start_position=”20%” background_color_gradient_end_position=”17%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_enable_image=”off” background_size=”contain” background_position=”bottom_left” custom_padding=”|||” locked=”off”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ min_height=”535px”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.7.4″ text_font=”Roboto|500|||||||” text_text_color=”#939393″ text_font_size=”21px” text_line_height=”2em” quote_font=”||||||||” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Rubik|700|||||||” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_text_align=”right” header_3_text_color=”#757575″ header_3_font_size=”39px” header_5_font=”Rubik|700||on|||||” header_5_letter_spacing=”5px” header_5_line_height=”1.2em” text_orientation=”right” background_layout=”dark” max_width=”600px” max_width_tablet=”” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”|70px||70px” custom_margin_phone=”|50px||50px” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” custom_padding=”|||” text_line_height_last_edited=”off|desktop” header_2_font_size_tablet=”” header_2_font_size_phone=”30px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone”]<\/p>\n
ENSMA’s origin and history [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www-dev.ensma.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/1res-promos-ENSMA-1948.jpg” title_text=”1res promos ENSMA 1948″ _builder_version=”4.8.0″ _module_preset=”default”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.4″ text_font=”Roboto|500|||||||” text_text_color=”#7f7f7f” text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”2em” quote_font=”||||||||” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Rubik|700|||||||” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_5_font=”Rubik|700||on|||||” header_5_letter_spacing=”5px” header_5_line_height=”1.2em” background_layout=”dark” max_width=”600px” max_width_tablet=”” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|phone” min_height=”432px” custom_margin=”99px||99px||true|” custom_margin_tablet=”|70px||70px” custom_margin_phone=”|50px||50px” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” custom_padding=”||0px|||” hover_enabled=”0″ text_line_height_last_edited=”off|desktop” header_2_font_size_tablet=”” header_2_font_size_phone=”30px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Could ENSMA be the consequence of a mistake? One day in 1927, a young second lieutenant from Poitiers, who had just graduated from Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure after a short time spent at Polytechnique, was wandering in the corridors of the Sorbonne, during a leave, looking for the place where a mathematics lecture was to be held.<\/p>\n By chance, he went to the wrong room and entered a lecture hall where a conference on fluid dynamics was being held. The lecturer was H. Villat, later on President of the Academy of Sciences. This second lieutenant was H. Poncin, the founding father of ENSMA.\u00a0<\/p>\n Combining the young graduate\u2019s curiosity for a brand new topic, the lecturer\u2019s talent and conviction, this mistake led him to change his career path. When he left the Army, he started research on heavy fluids and cavitation behaviour under the supervision of H. Villat.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”948px” max_width_tablet=”” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|tablet” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”-110px|auto||auto||”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.7.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” custom_margin=”-78px|||||” custom_padding=”0px|||||”]<\/p>\n Around 13 years later, he was appointed professor of Rational Mechanics at the University of Poitiers. There H. Poncin was reunited with one of his high school classmates, C. Chartier who was then focusing on the chronophotogrametry of flows.<\/p>\n Although the Occupation did not give them much freedom, the Poncin-Chartier duo undertook to create a mechanics laboratory in the cramped university facilities, located at that time on University Street. It was successively equipped with a channel with water movement, an Eiffel wind tunnel supplied by street air, and also a supersonic wind tunnel, whose powering of the 130 CC\u2019s engine with electricity confronted them with some connection problems.<\/p>\n They then decided to complete the training of the bachelor students with courses such as engineering design project and technical drawing.<\/p>\n Fortunately, a graduate student from the higher education institute for industrial art and design from the city of Dissay, had recently got back to Poitiers as a professor of technical education after a few years working on wiredrawing. M. Saigne, future ENSMA deputy director, was quickly integrated into the team thanks to his technological and designing skills.<\/p>\n After the Liberation, Aeronautical Research Centres were created under the aegis of the Technical and Industrial Management Department (D.T.I.) of the Air Ministry and in close collaboration with the Ministry of Education.<\/p>\n From 1945, an agreement between the D.T.I., the University of Paris and the University of Poitiers allowed to create an institute of mechanics specialized in the study of solids and fluids, named the Institute of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering of Poitiers (IMAP). To teach the \u201cSolids\u201d course, a professor from Nantes, who had defended his PhD in 1943 on \u201cCrystalline dislocations in metal by simple and reversed torsions\u201d, was hired. R. Jacquesson came to Poitiers in 1946 as a professor of Solid Mechanics, a position supported by the Air Ministry, as well as the one in fluid mechanics held by M. Chartier at the same time.<\/p>\n When, in January 1947, the decree institutionalizing E.N.S.I.s was published, the situation was ideal for I.M.A.P. to give way naturally to the \u201cEcole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de M\u00e9canique et d\u2019A\u00e9rotechnique\u201d.<\/p>\n In the meantime, MM. Poncin and Chartier had convinced the local authorities of the interest of allocating buildings (the Dalesme barracks and grounds located in Biard) to I.M.A.P. and of an organization created to facilitate cooperation and links with the regional economic activity, named the \u201cInstitut de Recherche et d\u2019Essais du Centre Ouest\u201d.<\/p>\n On March 27, 1948 the first E.N.S.Is were created by decree: Chimie de Paris, Grenoble, Nancy, Nantes, Poitiers.<\/p>\n The first competitive entrance examination took place in advance in 1947. The first class of ENSMA engineers, composed of the students from IMAP, graduated in July 1948 and immediately founded the ENSMA Engineers\u2019 Association: there were \u201ceight\u201d of them.<\/p>\n The new premises were opened at that time to the two classes. The Dalesme courtyard had kept a military aspect. The school entrance was directly located on Montierneuf square: the baker, the bar-tobacco shop and the hairdresser were pleased to see those students coming from all over France and even from France\u2019s overseas departments and territories. Young teachers, some of them only slightly older than their students, were starting in their first jobs, teaching mechanics, technology or aerodynamics.<\/p>\n The official opening ceremony of the school took place in the Spring of 1950, at the time of an International Conference on Mechanics dedicated to Descartes. Students, teachers and staff stuck together to welcome distinguished personalities in a friendly atmosphere, which included a piano concert. The conference programme reminds us of the activity of those, who, for thirty years, took part in the development of ENSMA and CEAT (Centre d\u2019Etudes A\u00e9rodynamiques et Thermiques).<\/p>\n The students\u2019 house opened its doors in October 1949. The same year A. Paganel was in charge of the physical and moral health of the engineers. Twenty years later, his succession was firmly maintained when he left his job to set up the new Sports Studies Department of the University of Poitiers..<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb use_icon=”on” font_icon=”%%40%%” icon_color=”#0c71c3″ icon_placement=”left” content_max_width=”1083px” _builder_version=”4.7.4″ _module_preset=”default” body_font_size=”16px” background_color=”#e0e0e0″ custom_padding=”27px|27px|27px|27px|true|true”]<\/p>\n ENSMA was born; on April 30, 1950, Mr. Poncin declared: \u201cWe know that we will never be able to teach our students all that they will need, even in the first years of their career. Let\u2019s try at least to give them a taste for well done work and develop their scientific curiosity\u201d. The message was loud and clear. It is still up to date. A tribute should be paid to all the teachers, researchers, administrative and technical staff, alumni, outsiders, who during those forty years have contributed in their own way to the development and the fame of ENSMA.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ENSMA’s origin and history\u00ab Circumstances and people \u00bb Jacques de Fouquet (Emeritus director)Could ENSMA be the consequence of a mistake? One day in 1927, a young second lieutenant from Poitiers, who had just graduated from Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure after a short time spent at Polytechnique, was wandering in the corridors of the Sorbonne, during a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":10167,"parent":10175,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":" L'origine et l'histoire de l'ENSMA \"Des circonstances et des hommes\" \u00a0<\/p> L'E.N.S.M.A. est-elle la cons\u00e9quence d'une erreur ? Un jour de 1927, un jeune sous-lieutenant originaire de Poitiers, sorti de peu de l'Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure apr\u00e8s un d\u00e9tour par Polytechnique, errait dans les couloirs de la Sorbonne, lors d'une permission, \u00e0 la recherche de l'endroit o\u00f9 devait se tenir une conf\u00e9rence de math\u00e9matiques.<\/p> Le hasard voulut qu'il se tromp\u00e2t de salle et p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e2t dans un amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre o\u00f9 avait lieu un expos\u00e9 sur la dynamique des fluides. Le conf\u00e9rencier \u00e9tait H. Villat, plus tard Pr\u00e9sident de l'Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences et le sous-lieutenant H. Poncin, fondateur de l'E.N.S.M.A.<\/p> Curiosit\u00e9 du normalien pour une discipline encore \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts, talent et conviction du conf\u00e9rencier, toujours est-il que cette erreur d\u00e9cida de l'orientation de M. Poncin, qui \u00e0 son retour \u00e0 la vie civile, entreprit des recherches sur les fluides pesants et le comportement des cavitations sous la direction d'H. Villat.<\/p> \u00a0<\/p> Quelques treize ans apr\u00e8s, nomm\u00e9 professeur de M\u00e9canique Rationnelle \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, H. Poncin y retrouvait un de ses jeunes condisciples au lyc\u00e9e, C. Chartier qui s'int\u00e9ressait alors \u00e0 la chronophotogramm\u00e9trie des \u00e9coulements.<\/p> Malgr\u00e9 les contraintes dues \u00e0 la difficile p\u00e9riode de l'occupation, le tandem Poncin-Chartier entreprit de monter dans les locaux exigus de la facult\u00e9, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque rue de l'Universit\u00e9, un laboratoire de m\u00e9canique \u00e9quip\u00e9 successivement d'un canal \u00e0 mouvement d'eau, d'une soufflerie Eiffel qui prenait l'air de la rue, et m\u00eame d'une soufflerie supersonique, dont l'alimentation \u00e9lectrique du moteur de 130 CV posa quelques probl\u00e8mes de raccordement.<\/p> L'id\u00e9e de compl\u00e9ter la formation des \u00e9tudiants de licence par des enseignements de technologie et de dessin industriel s'imposa d\u00e8s cette \u00e9poque dans les esprits du professeur de m\u00e9canique et de son chef de travaux.<\/p> Fort opportun\u00e9ment, un gadz'art originaire de Dissay, avait rejoint depuis peu Poitiers comme professeur d'enseignement technique apr\u00e8s quelques ann\u00e9es d'activit\u00e9 dans le tr\u00e8filage. M. Saigne, futur directeur adjoint de l'E.N.S.M.A., fut rapidement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe lui apportant ses comp\u00e9tences technologiques et de r\u00e9alisateur.<\/p> Survint la Lib\u00e9ration avec la cr\u00e9ation, sous l'\u00e9gide de la Direction Technique et Industrielle (D.T.I.) du Minist\u00e8re de l'Air et en liaison avec l'Education Nationale, de Centres de Recherche \u00e0 vocation A\u00e9ronautique.<\/p> D\u00e8s 1945 une convention entre la D.T.I., l'universit\u00e9 de Paris, et l'universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, permettait de cr\u00e9er un institut de m\u00e9canique sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans l'\u00e9tude des solides et des fluides, l'Institut de M\u00e9canique et d'A\u00e9rotechnique de Poitiers (I.M.A.P.). Lorsqu'en janvier 1947 sortit le d\u00e9cret institutionnalisant les E.N.S.I. la situation \u00e9tait m\u00fbre pour que l'I.M.A.P. donne tr\u00e8s naturellement naissance \u00e0 \"l'Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de M\u00e9canique et d'A\u00e9rotechnique\".<\/p> \u00a0<\/p> Entre temps, MM. Poncin et Chartier, avaient convaincu les autorit\u00e9s locales de l'int\u00e9r\u00eat qu'il y aurait \u00e0 attribuer des b\u00e2timents (caserne Dalesme et terrains situ\u00e9s \u00e0 Biard) \u00e0 l'I.M.A.P. et \u00e0 un organisme cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour faciliter les coop\u00e9rations et les liaisons avec l'activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique r\u00e9gionale, l'Institut de Recherches et d'Essais du Centre Ouest.<\/p> Le 27 mars 1948 \u00e9taient cr\u00e9\u00e9es par le d\u00e9cret les premi\u00e8res E.N.S.I. : chimie de Paris, Grenoble, Nancy, Nantes, Poitiers.<\/p> Par anticipation, le premier concours de recrutement avait lieu en 1947. La premi\u00e8re promotion d'ing\u00e9nieurs E.N.S.M.A. constitu\u00e9e des \u00e9tudiants de l'I.M.A.P. sortait en juillet 1948 et fondait aussit\u00f4t l'Association des Ing\u00e9nieurs E.N.S.M.A. : ils \u00e9taient \"huit\".<\/p> Ce fut alors la p\u00e9riode d'installation dans les nouveaux locaux avec les deux promotions. La cour de Dalesme avait gard\u00e9 son aspect militaire. L'entr\u00e9e de l'\u00e9cole se situait directement sur la place Montierneuf : le boulanger, le tabac-bar et le coiffeur voyaient arriver non sans satisfaction ces \u00e9tudiants issus des quatre coins de France et m\u00eame d'Outre-Mer. De jeunes enseignants, certains \u00e0 peine plus \u00e2g\u00e9s que leurs auditeurs, faisaient leurs premi\u00e8res armes, qui en m\u00e9canique, qui en technologie, qui en a\u00e9rodynamique.<\/p> \u00a0<\/p> L'inauguration officielle de l'\u00e9cole eut lieu au printemps 1950 \u00e0 l'occasion d'un Colloque International de M\u00e9canique d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 Descartes. El\u00e8ves, enseignants, personnels se serr\u00e8rent les coudes pour accueillir d'\u00e9minentes personnalit\u00e9s dans une atmosph\u00e8re bon enfant, avec concert de piano \u00e0 l'appui. Le parcours des actes de ce colloque restitue l'activit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de ceux qui, trente ann\u00e9es durant, ont contribu\u00e9 au d\u00e9veloppement de l'E.N.S.M.A. et du C.E.A.T.<\/p> La maison des \u00e9l\u00e8ves avait accueilli ses premiers occupants en octobre 1949. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e A. Paganel avait pris en main la sant\u00e9 physique et morale des ing\u00e9nieurs. Vingt ann\u00e9es plus tard, sa succession \u00e9tait solidement assur\u00e9e lorsqu'il quitta ses fonctions pour mettre en place la nouvelle Unit\u00e9 de Recherche et d'Etudes Sportives de l'Universit\u00e9.<\/p> Ainsi naquit l'E.N.S.M.A. ; le 30 avril 1950 M. Poncin d\u00e9clarait \"Nous savons bien que nous ne pourrons jamais apprendre \u00e0 nos \u00e9l\u00e8ves tout ce dont ils auront besoin m\u00eame les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de leur carri\u00e8re. Puissions-nous tout au moins leur inculquer le go\u00fbt du travail bien fait et d\u00e9velopper leur curiosit\u00e9 scientifique\". Le message \u00e9tait clair. Il reste d'actualit\u00e9. Hommage soit rendu \u00e0 tous ceux, personnels d'enseignement, de recherche,\u00a0techniques et administratifs, anciens \u00e9l\u00e8ves, personnalit\u00e9s ext\u00e9rieures qui au cours de toutes ces\u00a0ann\u00e9es ont contribu\u00e9 chacun \u00e0 leur fa\u00e7on au d\u00e9veloppement et \u00e0 la notori\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'E.N.S.M.A.<\/p> \u00a0<\/p> \u00a0<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10177","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10177"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13355,"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10177\/revisions\/13355"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10175"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ensma.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u00ab Circumstances and people \u00bb<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/em>Jacques de Fouquet<\/strong> (Emeritus director)<\/em><\/h3>\n
<\/em>Jacques de Fouquet<\/strong> (Directeur honoraire)<\/em><\/p>
Pour assurer la partie \"Solides\", un professeur de Sp\u00e9ciales \u00e0 Nantes qui avait soutenu en 1943 sa th\u00e8se de doctorat sur les \"Dislocations cristallines produites dans les m\u00e9taux par des torsions simples et altern\u00e9es\" et qui avait des attaches \u00e0 Poitiers, fut sollicit\u00e9. R. Jacquesson venait \u00e0 Poitiers en 1946 comme professeur de M\u00e9canique des Solides, sur une chaire prise alors en charge par le Minist\u00e8re de l'Air en m\u00eame temps que celle de M\u00e9canique des Fluides occup\u00e9e par M. Chartier.<\/p>